Proposed rule · comments close Sept 14, 2026 CY2027 Medicare PFS · CMS-2026-2377

The 2027 rule ends vendor-staffed RTM. Read what CMS actually wrote.

CMS has proposed that remote monitoring be billable only when a direct employee of the practice furnishes the clinical time — no contracting out to third parties. It is proposed, not final, and effective January 1, 2027 if adopted. The most-shared summaries got the central question backwards. Here are the three gates, quoted from the primary source, and the architecture that survives.

Three conditions, not one

Coverage of the rule has focused on the payment cut. For anyone running RTM, the operational change is three new conditions of payment — each quoted below from the proposed rule itself.

GATE 01 · WHO

Direct employee only

“the clinical staff must be a direct employee of the practitioner or the practitioner’s practice… [the codes] will not allow contracting out to third-party companies.”CY2027 PFS proposed rule, §(d) Supervision Requirements

The clinical time counted toward RTM management must be performed by the practice’s own W-2 clinical staff. A third party may no longer supply the people. Location is not the test — the staff can work remotely; they simply must be employed by the practice.

GATE 02 · WHO FOR

Established patients only

“For CY 2027, we are proposing to require that RTM services also be furnished only to established patients.”CY2027 PFS proposed rule, §(b) Established Patient Requirements

RTM must extend an existing clinical relationship. Programs that begin monitoring a patient the practice has never evaluated no longer qualify. This aligns RTM with the established-patient rule already in force for RPM.

GATE 03 · HOW STARTED

A face-to-face initiating visit

“we are proposing that RPM or RTM services must be initiated by the billing practitioner during a face-to-face (in-person or telehealth) visit.”CY2027 PFS proposed rule, §(c) Initiating Visit Requirements

A separately reportable visit — in person or via telehealth — must precede RTM, and RTM must be discussed at it. The demand and education funnels that route a patient to a visit are now feeding a mandatory, billable step.

“Clinical staff of the practitioner” is the exclusion — not the loophole

A widely-shared summary concluded the rule might not exclude third-party vendors, so long as they are “clinical staff of the billing practitioner or the practice.” That reads the language exactly backwards.

Why it’s tempting

CMS does say the staff need not be physically on-site, and that the distinction is clinical vs. non-clinical staff. Read alone, that sounds like a remote third party could still qualify.

Why it’s wrong

CMS defines “clinical staff of the practitioner” as a direct employee, and states the codes “will not allow contracting out to third-party companies.” Remote-vs-onsite is a separate, additive point. The employment test is the barrier, and it does not move.

Location is not the test; employment is. A remote W-2 clinician of the practice qualifies. A third-party clinician — onsite or not — does not.

The instrument survives. The staffing arrangement doesn’t.

The rule restricts the clinical labor. It does not restrict the tooling. That distinction decides which RTM businesses continue past January 1, 2027.

Ends, if finalized as written

  • A third party supplying the clinicians who perform RTM management time
  • Billing 98980/98981 against staff who are not the practice’s own employees
  • Monitoring begun on a patient the practice has never evaluated
  • Programs with no separately reportable initiating visit
  • “Turnkey” RTM where the vendor is effectively the workforce

Survives — and gains

  • The device, data layer, adherence and outcome capture (the instrument)
  • The practice’s own W-2 clinicians furnishing the management time
  • The documentation and audit trail that name the accountable clinician
  • Software supplied by a vendor — supplying tools is not “contracting out” staff
  • The device-supply component (e.g. 98977) — the instrument, not the labor

Not legal advice. The rule is a proposal and may change before it is finalized. Confirm your own arrangement and codes with counsel against the primary source.

Sell the practice the instrument. Let their own staff carry the panel.

JointCoach was built as the RTM data layer, PROM engine, and physician-attested compliance record — not as a staffing agency. The practice’s own clinicians furnish the time and attach their judgment; the instrument makes that fast enough to keep the panel without adding headcount. That is precisely the arrangement the proposed rule leaves standing.

CMS asked one question. It’s worth answering.

CMS is “seeking comment on this proposal, specifically on how often third-party billing currently occurs and how this policy, if finalized, could impact access to remote monitoring services.” The access concern is real — but outsourcing the clinician is the wrong remedy for it. The fix is tooling that makes a practice’s own staff fast enough not to need one.